| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Ministerial by-election ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Ministerial by-election
A ministerial by-election was a by-election to fill a vacancy triggered by the appointment of the sitting member of parliament (MP) as a minister in the cabinet. The requirement for new ministers to stand for re-election was introduced in the House of Commons of Great Britain in 1707 and also featured in Westminster system parliaments modelled on it. In latter times, the by-election was usually a formality, uncontested by the opposition. Ministerial by-elections were abolished as an anachronism by the mid-20th century. The Irish Free State,〔Constitution of the Irish Free State, (Article 58 ) "The appointment of a member of Dáil Eireann to be a Minister shall not entail upon him any obligation to resign his seat or to submit himself for re-election."〕 Union of South Africa,〔 and Dominion of New Zealand never had them.〔
==Westminster==
(詳細はHouse of Commons of the United Kingdom, from 1707 to 1926. Seventeenth-century English history established the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, in particular from interference by the monarch. In 1624, the House of Commons of England resolved that accepting an office of profit from the Crown would precipitate resignation from the House. Sections 24 and 25 of the Succession to the Crown Act 1707 listed ministerial offices among those considered offices of profit, while mitigating this by allowing the option of standing for re-election.〔Isaacs 2005, p.34; 〕 A minister typically sought re-election in the same constituency he had just vacated, but occasionally contested another seat which was also vacant. In 1910 ''The Times'' newspaper noted that the relevant Act had been passed in the reign of Queen Anne "to prevent the Court from swamping the House of Commons with placemen and pensioners", and described the process as "anomalous" and "indefensible" in the 20th century. The Reform Act 1867 made cabinet reshuffles easier by abolishing the necessity to seek re-election for an existing minister taking a new portfolio.〔Pugh 2008〕 During the First World War, temporary acts in 1915 and 1916 suspended the requirement for re-election, in order to allow the War Cabinets of the Second Asquith ministry and the Lloyd George ministry to be appointed quickly.〔 The Re-Election of Ministers Act 1919 ended the requirement within nine months of a general election,〔 and the Re-Election of Ministers Act (1919) Amendment Act 1926, introduced by the opposition as a private member's bill, ended the practice in all other cases.〔〔〔Isaacs 2005, p.36〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Ministerial by-election」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|